中考物理基础知识（四）:力、运动和力
Basic Physics Knowledge for the Senior High School Entrance Examination (Part Four): Force, Motion and Force
李宏 湖北省十堰市郧阳中学
Li Hong Yunyang High School, Shiyan City, Hubei Province
第七章 力-[中考物理基础知识]
Chapter 7: Force [Basic Knowledge of Physics for the High School Entrance Exam]
45．力的作用效果：
Effects of force:
展开剩余85%（1）力可以改变物体的运动状态；
Force can change the state of motion of an object;
（2）力可以使物体发生形变。
Force can cause deformation in an object.
46．力的三要素：力的大小、方向、作用点。
Three elements of force: magnitude, direction, and point of application.
47．力是物体对物体的作用，物体间力的作用是相互的。
Force is an interaction between objects; the action of force between objects is mutual.
48．弹簧测力计的制作原理：在弹性限度内，弹簧的伸长量与所受的拉力成正比。
Principle of spring dynamometer:Within the elastic limit, the elongation of a spring is directly proportional to the applied pulling force.
49．重力：G＝mg（重力的方向：竖直向下）。物体所受的重力跟它的质量成正比。
Gravity:G=mg (Gravitational direction: vertically downward).The gravitational force acting on an object is directly proportional to its mass.
第八章运动和力-[中考物理基础知识]
Chapter 8: Motion and Forces - [Basic Physics Knowledge for High School Entrance Examination]
50．牛顿第一定律：一切物体在没有受到力的作用时，总保持静止状态或匀速直线运动状态。
Newton's First Law:An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by a force.
51．二力平衡的条件：
Conditions for Equilibrium of Two Forces:
（1）作用在同一个物体上；
They act on the same object;
（2）大小相等；
They are equal in magnitude;
（3）方向相反；
They act in opposite directions;
（4）在同一条直线上。
They lie along the same straight line.
52．平衡状态：
States of Equilibrium:
（1）静止At rest;
（2）匀速直线运动。处于平衡状态的物体，一定受到平衡力的作用，且物体所受的合力一定为0 N。
Uniform motion in a straight line.An object in a state of equilibrium must be acted upon by balanced forces, and the net force on the object must be 0 N.
53．影响摩擦力大小的因素：
Factors Affecting Friction:
（1）压力大小Magnitude of the normal force;
（2）接触面的粗糙程度Roughness of the contact surfaces.
Explorer of Innovative Thinking
Author: Li Hong
Yunyang High School, Shiyan City, Hubei Province
February 4, 2026
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